Signs & Symptoms
Recognize the early signs that indicate you may need medical attention
Painless Haematuria
Painless blood in urine — the most important warning sign of bladder and kidney cancer.
Urinary Symptoms
Urgency, frequency, or burning urination without infection — may indicate bladder cancer.
Flank Pain or Mass
A palpable lump or persistent pain in the flank suggesting a kidney tumour.
Unintended Weight Loss
Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or anaemia — constitutional symptoms of cancer.
Elevated PSA
Raised PSA level on blood test requiring prostate biopsy to exclude prostate cancer.
Bone Pain
Persistent bone pain in prostate cancer patients may indicate skeletal metastasis.
Common Causes & Risk Factors
Smoking
The single biggest risk factor for bladder cancer — smokers have 2–4× higher risk.
Advanced Age
Most urological cancers present after the age of 55–60 years.
Chemical Exposures
Occupational exposure to aromatic amines (textile, rubber, dye industries) increases bladder cancer risk.
Genetic Predisposition
Family history of prostate cancer, BRCA gene mutations, or von Hippel-Lindau syndrome increases risk.
Chronic Irritation
Long-term urinary catheterisation, schistosomiasis infection, or bladder stones increase squamous cell bladder cancer risk.
Treatment Options
Advanced minimally invasive techniques for better outcomes and faster recovery
Cystoscopy & TURBT
Endoscopic diagnosis and resection of bladder tumours — staging and treatment in one procedure.
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
Keyhole kidney removal for localised renal cell carcinoma — organ-sparing where possible.
Radical Prostatectomy
Surgical removal of the prostate for localised prostate cancer — open or laparoscopic.
Intravesical BCG
BCG immunotherapy instilled into the bladder after TURBT to prevent recurrence of high-risk NMIBC.
Benefits at Chahal Hospital
Early Diagnosis
Haematuria clinics, PSA screening, and prompt imaging referrals for early-stage cancer detection.
Organ-Sparing Surgery
Nephron-sparing and bladder-preserving approaches whenever oncologically appropriate.
MDT Approach
Multidisciplinary team discussions ensuring evidence-based treatment for every cancer patient.
Expert Urologist
Dr. Ajay Chahal (MCh Urology) trained in urological oncology surgery.
Palliative Care
Quality-of-life-focused palliative urology for metastatic cancer patients.
Surveillance Protocols
Structured follow-up schedules to detect any recurrence at the earliest possible stage.
Your Specialist
Dr. Ajay Chahal
Consultant – Urology & Uro-Surgery
MBBS, MS (General Surgery), MCh (Urology)
Book AppointmentFrequently Asked Questions
No, but painless haematuria must always be fully investigated. Causes include stones, infection, BPH, and cancer. Bladder cancer classically presents with painless, intermittent blood in urine. Any haematuria should be evaluated promptly.
TURBT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour) is a cystoscopic procedure that removes bladder tumours through the urethra — no skin incision. It provides both diagnosis (pathology) and treatment (tumour removal).
PSA blood test, Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), and targeted or systematic prostate biopsy (guided by MRI or TRUS). PSA screening is recommended for men above 50 years (or 45 with family history).
Yes. Partial nephrectomy (nephron-sparing surgery) preserves the remaining normal kidney tissue for tumours < 7 cm. This is the preferred approach for small, peripheral tumours.
Depends on the cancer type, stage, and pathology. Many early-stage urological cancers are cured by surgery alone. Others may need intravesical BCG, systemic chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiotherapy. Your oncology team will guide you.
Ready to Get Treatment?
Consult our expert specialists for Uro-Oncology (Urological Cancer Care). Advanced, minimally invasive care with faster recovery and lasting results.